The year 1710 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Medicine

• Alexis Littré, in his treatise Diverse observations anatomiques, was the first physician to suggest the possibility of performing a lumbar colostomy for an obstruction of the colon.

Organizations

• The Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala is founded in Uppsala, Sweden as the Collegium curiosorum ("College of the Curious").

Technology

• Jakob Christof Le Blon invents a three-color printing process with red, blue, and yellow ink. Years later he adds black introducing the earliest four-color printing process.

Births

• April 15 - William Cullen, Scottish physician and chemist (died 1790)
• April 25 - James Ferguson, Scottish astronomer (died 1776)
• June 10 - James Short, Scottish mathematician and optician (died 1768)
• July 21 - Paul Möhring, German physician and scientist (died 1792)
• August 20 - Thomas Simpson, British mathematician (died 1761)
• September 3 - Abraham Trembley, Swiss naturalist (died 1784)
• date unknown - William Heberden, English physician (died 1801)
• date unknown - Johann Bernoulli II, Swiss mathematician (died 1790)

Deaths

• February 25 - Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut, French explorer (born c. 1639)
• July 25 - Gottfried Kirch, German astronomer (born 1639)
• September 19 - Ole Rømer, astronomer (born 1644)