Year 1725 (MDCCXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1725

January - June

• February 8 - Catherine I becomes Empress of Russia on the death of her husband, Peter the Great.
• February 20 - The first reported case of white men scalping Native Americans takes place in New Hampshire colony.
• March 2 - In London, a night watchman finds a severed head by the Thames; it is later recognized to be that of the husband of Catherine Hayes. She and one accomplice are later executed.
• April 30 - Emperor Charles VI of Austria and King Philip V of Spain sign the Treaty of Vienna.
• May 21 - The Order of Alexander Nevsky is instituted in Russia by Empress Catherine I.
• May 24 - Jonathan Wild, fraudulent "Thief-Taker General", is hanged in Tyburn, England for actually aiding criminals.

July - December

• September 3 - The Treaty of Hanover is signed between Great Britain, France and Prussia.

Undated

• The Black Watch is founded in Scotland.
• A fire in Wapping, England destroys 70 houses.
• In Qing Dynasty China 66 copies of a 5,020 volume long encyclopedia, the Gujin Tushu Jicheng (Complete Collection of Illustrations and Writings from the Earliest to Current Times) are printed, necessitating the crafting of 250,000 movable type characters cast in bronze.

Births

• February 4 - Dru Drury, English entomologist (d. 1804)
• February 5 - James Otis, American lawyer and patriot (d. 1783)
• February 15 - Abraham Clark, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1794)
• February 25 - Karl Wilhelm Ramler, German poet (d. 1798)
• March 11 - Henry Benedict Stuart, pretender to the British throne (d. 1807)
• March 17 - Lachlan McIntosh, Scottish-born American military and political leader (d. 1806)
• March 20 - Abd-al-Hamid I, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1789)
• March 24
  • Samuel Ashe, Governor of North Carolina (d. 1813)
  • Thomas Cushing, American Continental Congressman (d. 1788)
• March 28 - Andrew Kippis, English non-conformist clergyman and biographer (d. 1795)
• April 2 - Giacomo Casanova, Italian adventurer and writer (d. 1798)
• April 6 - Pasquale Paoli, Corsican patriot and military leader (d. 1807)
• April 23 - Saint Gerard Majella, Catholic saint (d. 1755)
• April 25 - Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel, British admiral (d. 1786)
• May 12 - Louis Philip I, Duke of Orléans, French soldier and writer (d. 1785)
• May 25 - Samuel Ward, American politician (d. 1776)
• July 1 - Comte de Rochambeau, French soldier (d. 1807)
• July 24 - John Newton, English cleric and hymnist (d. 1807)
• August 21 - Jean-Baptiste Greuze, French painter (d. 1805)
• August 29 - Charles Townshend, English politician (d. 1767)
• September 5 - Jean-Étienne Montucla, French mathematician (d. 1799)
• September 12 - Guillaume Le Gentil, French astronomer (d. 1792)
• September 16 - Nicolas Desmarest, French geologist (d. 1815)
• September 24 - Arthur Guinness, Irish brewer (d. 1803)
• September 25 - Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, French steam vehicle pioneer (d. 1804)
• September 29 - Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, British general and statesman (d. 1774)
• October 12 - Etienne Louis Geoffroy, French pharmacist and entomologist (d. 1810)
• October 21 - Franz Moritz Graf von Lacy, Austrian field marshal (d. 1801)
• December 11 - George Mason, American founding father (d. 1792)
• December 18 - Johann Salomo Semler, German historian and Bible commentator (d. 1791)

Deaths

• January 6 - Chikamatsu Monzaemon, Japanese dramatist (b. 1653)
• January 26 - Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani, Georgian prince (b. 1658)
• February 8 - Tsar Peter I of Russia (b. 1672)
• March 2 - José Benito de Churriguera, Spanish architect and sculptor (b. 1665)
• April 8 - John Wise, English clergyman (b. 1652)
• May 24 - Jonathan Wild, English criminal (b. 1682)
• June 29 - Arai Hakuseki, Japanese poet, politician, and writer (b. 1657)
• September 16 - Antoine V de Gramont, French military leader (b. 1672)
• October 10 - Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil, Governor-General of New France
• October 11 - Hans Herr, Swiss-born Mennonite bishop (b. 1639)
• October 24 - Alessandro Scarlatti, Italian composer (b. 1660)
• October 31 - Ali Othman, vampire (b. 1660)
• December 7 - Florent Carton Dancourt, French dramatist and actor (b. 1661)
• date unknown
  • Giuseppe Mazzuoli, sculptor (b. 1644)
  • José Mora, Spanish sculptor (b. 1638)
  • Nguyễn Phúc Chu, Vietnamese ruler (b. 1675)
  • Peter Plogojowitz, alleged vampire
• probable
  • Leendert Hasenbosch, castaway on Ascension Island (b. c. 1695)
  • Keaweikekahiali`iokamoku, ruler of Hawaii