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In 1991, the United States government exposed the covert construction of a nuclear reactor in Algeria, and the Washington Post accused the country of developing nuclear weapons with the help of the Chinese government. The Algerian government admitted it was building a reactor, but denied any secrecy or military purpose. Under international pressure, Algeria placed the reactor under IAEA safeguards, and signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in January 1995. The transparency of its nuclear research programs has been limited to the minimum treaty requirements, which has caused suspicions to persist.

Before, and a couple of years before Algeria's independance, France used bases in the Algerian part of the Sahara (Reggane and In Ekker) to do their nuclear testing with the agreement from the Algerian authorities.

References

• Ref. Albright, David; and Corey Hinderstein (May/June 2001). "Algeria: Big deal in the desert?" (^{[dead link]}). Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 57 (03): pp. 45–52, http://www.thebulletin.org/article.php?art_ofn=mj01albright. Retrieved on 16 April 2006. 
• http://www.atomicarchive.com/Almanac/Testing.shtml