This is a partial list of notable United States federal legislation, in chronological order. At the federal level in the United States, legislation (a.k.a. "statutes" or "statutory law") consists exclusively of Acts passed by the Congress of the United States (and its predecessor, the Continental Congress), that were either signed into law by the President or subsequently passed by Congress after a presidential veto.
Each biennial Congress enacts approximately 200–300 statutes. After 109 Congresses, more than 20,000 statutes have been enacted since 1789. This list contains, therefore, only a small selection. Most of the statutes listed here have already merited an article in this encyclopedia.
Legislation is not the only source of regulations with force of law. However, most executive branch regulations must originate in a congressional grant of power. See also: Executive orders of the President; regulations of Executive branch departments and administrative agencies; and the procedural rules of the federal courts.
Publication of the law
"Statutes at Large" (Stat.)
Acts of Congress are published in the United States Statutes at Large. Volumes 1 through 18, which have all the statutes passed from 1789 to 1875, are available on-line at the Library of Congress, here. In the list below, statutes are listed by X Stat. Y, where X is the volume of the Statutes at Large and Y is the page number, as well as either the "chapter" or "Public Law" number. See examples below.
"Sessions" (Sess.) and "Chapters" (ch.)
Each Congress has two to four sessions. Under the numbering system used from 1789 until 1957, the Acts in each session are numbered sequentially as "Chapters." This numbering included both laws applicable to the general public and laws relating to specific individuals, e.g., to grant pensions to disabled veterans.[1]
"Public Laws"
Since 1957, Acts of Congress related to the general public have been designated in the form: Public Law X-Y where X is the number of the ordinal Congress and Y is the number of the chronological order of the public Act in that Congress. This numbering is continuous across sessions of Congress and does not include acts relating to individuals, which are analogously given Private Law X-Y designations. (From 1901 to 1957, the Statutes at Large listed both a "chapter" and a "Public"/"Private" number for each act[2]; the Bluebook requires citation of the chapter numbers of these acts.[3]) See examples below.
Examples
- The Militia Act of 1862 of July 17, 1862, Sess. 2, ch. 201, was the 201st Act of the second session of the 37th Congress.
- The National Banking Act of February 25, 1863, Sess. 3, ch. 58, was the 58th Act of the third session of the 37th Congress.
- The Global Anti-Semitism Review Act of 2004 of October 16, 2004, Pub.L. 108-332, 118 Stat. 1282, was the 332nd Act of Congress (statute) passed in the 108th Congress. It can be found in volume 118 of the U.S. Statutes at Large, starting at page 1282.
- The Help America Vote Act of October 29, 2002, Pub.L. 107-252, 116 Stat. 1666, was the 252nd Act of the 107th Congress. It can be found in volume 116 of the U.S. Statutes at Large, starting at page 1666.
1789 to 1801
- June 1, 1789 — An act to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths, Sess. 1, ch. 1, 1 Stat. 23
- July 4, 1789 — Hamilton Tariff, Sess. 1, ch. 2, 1 Stat. 24
- September 24, 1789 — Judiciary Act of 1789, Sess. 1, ch. 20, 1 Stat. 73
- March 1, 1790 — Census of 1790, Sess. 2, ch. 2, 1 Stat. 101
- March 26, 1790 — Naturalization Act of 1790, Sess. 2, ch. 3, 1 Stat. 103
- April 10, 1790 — Patent Act, Sess. 2, ch. 7, 1 Stat. 109
- May 26, 1790 — Southwest Ordinance, Sess. 2, ch. 14, 1 Stat. 123
- May 31, 1790 — Copyright Act of 1790, Sess. 2, ch. 15, 1 Stat. 124
- July 6, 1790 — Residence Act, Sess. 2, ch. 28, 1 Stat. 130
- July 22, 1790 — Indian Intercourse Act of 1790, Sess. 2, ch. 33, 1 Stat. 137
- February 25, 1791 — First Bank of the United States, Sess. 3, ch. 10, 1 Stat. 191
- March 3, 1791 — Whiskey Act, Sess. 3, ch. 15, 1 Stat. 199
- February 20, 1792 — Postal Service Act, Sess. 1, ch. 7, 1 Stat. 232
- April 2, 1792 — Coinage Act of 1792, Sess. 1, ch. 16, 1 Stat. 246
- May 2, 1792 — First Militia Act of 1792, Sess. 1, ch. 28, 1 Stat. 264
- May 8, 1792 — Second Militia Act of 1792, Sess. 1, ch. 33, 1 Stat. 271
- February 12, 1793 — Fugitive Slave Law of 1793, Sess. 2, ch. 7, 1 Stat. 302
- March 2, 1793 — Judiciary Act of 1793 (including Anti-Injunction Act), Sess. 2, ch. 22, 1 Stat. 333
- April 30, 1798 — The U.S. Department of the Navy was established, Sess. 2, ch. 35, 1 Stat. 553
- June 18, 1798 — Alien and Sedition Acts: An Act to establish a uniform rule of naturalization (Naturalization Act of 1798), Sess. 2, ch. 54, 1 Stat. 566
- June 25, 1798 — Alien and Sedition Acts: An Act concerning Aliens, Sess. 2, ch. 58, 1 Stat. 570
- July 6, 1798 — Alien and Sedition Acts: An Act respecting Alien Enemies, Sess. 2, ch. 66, 1 Stat. 577
- July 9, 1798 — Act Further to Protect the Commerce of the United States, Sess. 2, ch. 68, 1 Stat. 578
- July 11, 1798 — The Marine Corps was established, Sess. 2, ch. 72, 1 Stat. 594
- July 14, 1798 — Alien and Sedition Acts: An Act for the punishment of certain crimes against the United States (Sedition Act), Sess. 2, ch. 74, 1 Stat. 596
1801 to 1811
1811 to 1821
1821 to 1831
1831 to 1841
- July 14, 1832 — Tariff of 1832, Sess. 1, ch. 227, 4 Stat. 583
- March 2, 1833 — Compromise Tariff (Tariff of 1833), Sess. 2, ch. 55, 4 Stat. 629
- March 2, 1833 — Force Bill, Sess. 2, ch. 57, 4 Stat. 632
1841 to 1851
1851 to 1861
1861 to 1871
- August 5, 1861 — Revenue Act of 1861, Sess. 2, ch. 45, 12 Stat. 242
- May 20, 1862 — Homestead Act, Sess. 2, ch. 75, 12 Stat. 392
- July 1, 1862 — Revenue Act of 1862, Sess. 2, ch. 119, 12 Stat. 432
- July 1, 1862 — Pacific Railway Act, Sess. 2, ch. 120, 12 Stat. 489
- July 2, 1862 — Morrill Land Grant Colleges Act, ch. 130, 12 Stat. 503
- July 17, 1862 — Militia Act, Sess. 2, ch. 201, 12 Stat. 597
- February 25, 1863 — National Banking Act, Sess. 3, ch 58, 12 Stat. 665
- March 2, 1863 — False Claims Act, Sess. 3, ch. 67, 12 Stat. 696
- March 3, 1863 — Enrollment Act, Sess. 3, ch. 75, 12 Stat. 731
- April 9, 1866 — Civil Rights Act of 1866, ch. 31, 14 Stat. 27
- July 23, 1866 — Judicial Circuits Act, ch. 210, 14 Stat. 209
- March 2, 1867 — Reconstruction Act, ch. 153, 14 Stat. 428
- March 2, 1867 — Tenure of Office Act, ch. 154, 14 Stat. 430
- Reconstruction Acts, continued:
- March 23, 1867, ch. 6, 15 Stat. 2
- July 19, 1867, ch. 30, 15 Stat. 14
- March 11, 1868, ch. 25, 15 Stat. 25
- April 10, 1869 — Judiciary Act of 1869 (Circuit Judges Act of 1869), ch. 22, 16 Stat. 44
- May 31, 1870 — Force Act of 1870, ch. 114, 16 Stat. 140
- July 14, 1870 — Naturalization Act of 1870, ch. 254, 16 Stat. 254
- February 21, 1871 — District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871, ch. 62, 16 Stat. 419
1871 to 1881
- April 20, 1871 — Ku Klux Act (Civil Rights Act of 1871, Ku Klux Klan Act), ch. 22, 17 Stat. 13
- March 1, 1872 — Yellowstone Act, ch. 24, 17 Stat. 32
- May 10, 1872 — General Mining Act of 1872, ch. 152, 17 Stat. 91, R.S. §§2319—2328, 2331, 2333-2338, 2344
- May 22, 1872 — Amnesty Act, ch. 193, 17 Stat. 142
- June 1, 1872 — Practice Conformity Act (precursor to the Rules Enabling Act), ch. 255, 17 Stat. 196
- February 12, 1873 — Coinage Act of 1873, ch. 131, 17 Stat. 424
- March 3, 1873 — Comstock Act, ch. 258, 17 Stat. 598
- March 3, 1873 — Timber Culture Act, ch. 277, 17 Stat. 205
- June 23, 1874 — Poland Act, ch. 469, 18 Stat. 253
- January 14, 1875 — Specie Payment Resumption Act, ch. 15, 18 Stat. 296
- March 1, 1875 — Civil Rights Act of 1875, 18 Stat. 335
- March 3, 1875 — Page Act of 1875, ch. 141, 18 Stat. 477
1881 to 1891
- February 4, 1887 — Interstate Commerce Act, ch. 104, 24 Stat. 379
- February 8, 1887 — Indian General Allotment Act ("Dawes Act"), ch. 119, 24 Stat. 388
- March 2, 1887 — Hatch Act of 1887, ch. 314, 24 Stat. 440
- March 3, 1887 — Tucker Act, ch. 359, 24 Stat. 505
- July 2, 1890 — Sherman Antitrust Act, ch. 647, 26 Stat. 209
- July 14, 1890 — Sherman Silver Purchase Act, ch. 708, 26 Stat. 289
- October 1, 1890 — McKinley Tariff, ch. 1244, 26 Stat. 567
- 1891 — Forest Reserve Act of 1891
- March 3, 1891 — Land Revision Act of 1891
1891 to 1901
- July 24, 1897 — Dingley tariff, ch. 11, 30 Stat. 151 (amended the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act)
- July 1, 1898 — Bankruptcy Act of 1898, ch. 541, 30 Stat. 544
- 7 July 1898 — Newlands Resolution, No. 55, 30 Stat. 750
- March 3, 1899— Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, Ch. 425, 33 Stat. 401, Sec. 9, 30 Stat. 1151
- March 14, 1900 — Gold Standard Act, Sess. 1, ch. 41, 31 Stat. 45
- April 2, 1900 — Foraker Act, Sess. 1, ch. 191, 31 Stat. 77 (Puerto Rico Civil Code)
- March 3, 1901 — Anarchist Exclusion Act, Sess. 2, ch. 1012, 32 Stat. 1222
1901 to 1911
- June 17, 1902 — Newlands Reclamation Act (National Irrigation Act, Reclamation Act), Sess. 1, ch. 1093, 32 Stat. 388
- June 28, 1902 — Isthmian Canal Act (Panama Canal), Sess. 1, ch. 1302, 32 Stat. 481
- January 21, 1903 — Militia Act of 1903 (Dick Act), Sess. 2, ch. 196, 32 Stat. 775
- February 11, 1903 — Expediting Act, Sess. 2, ch. 544, 32 Stat. 823
- February 19, 1903 — Elkins Act, Sess. 2, ch. 708, 32 Stat. 847
- June 1, 1906 — Federal Employers’ Liability Act, Sess. 1, ch. 3073
- June 8, 1906 — American Antiquities Act (National Monument Act), Sess. 1, ch. 3060, 34 Stat. 225
- June 29, 1906 — Hepburn Act, Sess. 1, ch. 3591, 34 Stat. 584
- June 30, 1906 — Pure Food and Drug Act, Sess. 1, ch. 3915, 34 Stat. 768
- March 4, 1907 — Meat Inspection Act, Sess. 2, ch. 2907, titles I to IV, 34 Stat. 1260
1911 to 1921
- October 3, 1913 — Revenue Act of 1913, including Underwood Tariff, ch. 16, 38 Stat. 114
- December 23, 1913 — Federal Reserve Act, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251
- May 8, 1914 — Smith-Lever Act, ch. 79, 38 Stat. 372
- September 26, 1914 — Federal Trade Commission Act, ch. 311, 38 Stat. 717
- October 15, 1914 — Clayton Antitrust Act, ch. 323, 38 Stat. 730
- December 17, 1914 — Harrison Narcotics Tax Act, ch. 1, 38 Stat. 785
- July 17, 1916 — Federal Farm Loan Act, ch. 245, 39 Stat. 360
- August 25, 1916 — National Park Service Act, ch. 408, 39 Stat. 535
- September 1, 1916 — Keating-Owen Child Labor Act of 1916, ch. 432, 39 Stat. 675
- September 3, 1916 — Adamson Act, ch. 436, 39 Stat. 721
- September 8, 1916 — Revenue Act of 1916, ch. 463, 39 Stat. 756
- February 5, 1917 — Immigration Act of 1917 (Barred Zone Act), ch. 29, 39 Stat. 874
- February 23, 1917 — Smith-Hughes Vocational Education Act, ch. 114, 39 Stat. 929
- March 1, 1917 — Flood Control Act of 1917, ch 144, 39 Stat. 948
- March 2, 1917 — Jones-Shafroth Act, ch. 145, 39 Stat. 951
- May 18, 1917 — Selective Service Act of 1917, Sess. 1, ch. 15, 40 Stat. 76
- June 15, 1917 — Espionage Act of 1917, Sess. 1, ch. 30, 40 Stat. 217
- October 6, 1917 — International Emergency Economic Powers Act (Trading with the Enemy Act), Sess. 2, ch. 106, 40 Stat. 411
- March 19, 1918 — Standard Time Act, Sess. 2, ch. 24, 40 Stat. 450
- May 16, 1918 — Sedition Act of 1918, Sess. 2, ch. 75, 40 Stat. 553
- July 3, 1918 — Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, Sess. 2, ch. 128, 40 Stat. 755
- October 16, 1918 — Immigration Act of October 16, 1918, Sess. 2, ch. 186, 40 Stat. 1012
1921 to 1931
- 1921-05-19 — Emergency Quota Act (Johnson Quota Act), Sess. 1, ch. 8, 42 Stat. 5
- 1921-05-27 — Emergency Tariff of 1921, Sess. 1, ch. 14, 42 Stat. 9
- 1921-08-24 — Future Trading Act, Sess. 1, ch. 86, 42 Stat. 187
- 1921-11-23 — Revenue Act of 1921, Sess. 1, ch. 136, 42 Stat. 227
- 1922-09-21 — Fordney-McCumber tariff, Sess. 2, ch. 356, 42 Stat. 858
- 1922-09-21 — Grain Futures Act, Sess. 2, ch. 369, 42 Stat. 998
- 1922-09-22 — Cable Act (Married Women’s Citizenship Act), Sess. 2, ch. 411, 42 Stat. 1021
- 1924-05-19 — World War Adjusted Compensation Act (Bonus Bill), Sess. 1, ch. 157, 43 Stat. 121
- 1924-05-26 — Immigration Act of 1924 (Johnson-Reed Act), Sess. 1, ch. 190, 43 Stat. 153
- 1924-06-02 — Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 (Snyder Act), Sess. 1, ch. 233, 43 Stat. 253
- 1924-06-02 — Revenue Act of 1924 (Mellon tax bill), Sess. 1, ch. 234, 43 Stat. 253
- 1924-06-07 — Clarke-McNary Act, Sess. 1, ch. 348, 43 Stat. 653
- 1928-05-29 — Revenue Act of 1928, ch. 852, 45 Stat. 791
- 1929-02-18 - Migratory Bird Conservation Act, ch. 257, 45 Stat. 1222
- 1929-06-15 - Agriculture Marketing Act, ch. 24, 46 Stat. 11
- 1929-06-18 - Reapportionment Act of 1929, ch. 28, 46 Stat. 21
- 1930-06-17 – Hawley-Smoot Tariff, ch. 497, 46 Stat. 590, (including: Title III, Plant Patent Act, 46 Stat. 703)
- 1931-03-03 – Davis-Bacon Act, ch. 411, 46 Stat. 1494
1931 to 1941
- 1932-01-22 — Reconstruction Finance Corporation Act, Sess. 1, ch. 8, 47 Stat. 5
- 1932-03-23 — Norris-LaGuardia Act, Sess. 1, ch. 90, 47 Stat. 70
- 1932-06-06 — Revenue Act of 1932, Sess. 1, ch. 209, 47 Stat. 169
- 1932-07-22 — Federal Home Loan Bank Act, Sess. 1, ch. 522, 47 Stat. 725
- 1933-02-17 — Blaine Act, Sess. 2
- 1933-03-03 — Buy American Act, Sess. 2, ch. 212, title III, 47 Stat. 1520
- March 9, 1933 — Emergency Banking Relief Act, Sess. 1, ch. 1, 48 Stat. 1
- March 31, 1933 — Civilian Conservation Corps Reforestation Relief Act, Sess. 1, ch. 17, 48 Stat. 22
- 1933-05-12 — Federal Emergency Relief Act, Sess. 1, ch. 30, 48 Stat. 55
- May 12, 1933 — Agricultural Adjustment Act, Sess. 1, ch. 25, 48 Stat. 31
- May 18, 1933 — Tennessee Valley Authority Act, Sess. 1, ch. 32, 48 Stat. 58
- May 27, 1933 — Securities Act, Sess. 1, ch. 38, 48 Stat. 74
- June 13, 1933 — Home Owners' Loan Corporation, Sess. 1, ch. 64, 48 Stat. 128
- June 16, 1933 — Glass-Steagall Act (Banking Act of 1933), Sess. 1, ch. 89, 48 Stat. 162
- June 16, 1933 — National Industrial Recovery Act, Sess. 1, ch. 90, 48 Stat. 195
- June 16, 1933 — Farm Credit Administration, Sess. 1, ch. 98, 48 Stat. 257
- March 24, 1934 — Tydings-McDuffie Act (Philippine Independence Act), Pub.L. 73-127, Sess. 2, ch. 84, 48 Stat. 456
- May 14, 1934 — Johnson Act, Sess. 2, ch. 283, 48 Stat. 775
- June 6, 1934 — Securities Exchange Act, Sess. 2, ch. 404, 48 Stat. 881
- June 12, 1934 — Reciprocal Tariff Act, Sess. 2, ch. 474, 48 Stat. 943
- June 18, 1934 — Indian Reorganization Act, Sess. 2, ch. 576, 48 Stat. 984
- 1934-06-19 — Rules Enabling Act, Sess. 2, ch. 651, Pub.L. 73-415, 48 Stat. 1064
- 1934-06-19 — Communications Act of 1934, Sess. 2, ch. 652, 48 Stat. 1064
- 1934-06-19 — National Archives Act, Sess. 2, ch. 668, 48 Stat. 1122
- 1934-06-26 — Federal Credit Union Act, Sess. 2, ch. 750, 48 Stat. 1216
- 1934-06-26 — National Firearms Act of 1934, Sess. 2, ch. 757, 48 Stat. 1236
- 1934-06-27 — National Housing Act, Sess. 2, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, including title III: Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act (Fannie Mae)
- 1935-04-27 — Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, Sess. 1, ch. 85, 49 Stat. 163
- 1935-07-05 — National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act), Sess. 1, ch. 372, 49 Stat. 449
- 1935-08-09 — Motor Carrier Act, Sess. 1, ch. 498, 49 Stat. 546 (renamed part II of the Interstate Commerce Act)
- 1935-08-14 — Social Security Act, including Aid to Dependent Children, Old Age Pension Act, Pub.L. 74-271, Sess. 1, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620
- 1935-08-26 — Public Utility Act (including: Title I: Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, Title II: Federal Power Act), Sess. 1, ch. 687, 49 Stat. 803
- 1935-08-30 — Revenue Act of 1935, Sess. 1, ch. 829, 49 Stat. 1014
- 1935-08-31 — Neutrality Act of 1935, Sess. 1, ch. 837, 49 Stat. 1081
- 1936-02-29 — Neutrality Act of 1936, Sess. 2, ch. 106, 49 Stat. 1153
- 1936-05-20 — Rural Electrification Act, Sess. 2, ch. 432, 49 Stat. 1363
- 1936-06-15 — Commodities Exchange Act, Sess. 2, ch. 545, 49 Stat. 1491
- 1936-06-19 — Robinson Patman Act, Sess. 2, ch. 592, 49 Stat. 1526
- 1936-06-22 — Flood Control Act of 1936, Pub.L. 74-738, Sess. 2, ch. 688
- 1936-06-29 — Merchant Marine Act, Sess. 2, ch. 250, 49 Stat. 1985
- 1936-06-30 — Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act, Sess. 2, ch. 881, 49 Stat. 2036
- 1937-06-03 — Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act, ch. 296, 50 Stat. 246
- 1937-08-25 — National Cancer Institute Act, ch. 565, 50 Stat. 559
- 1937 — Neutrality Acts of 1937
- 1937-08-17 — Miller-Tydings Act, ch. 690, title VIII, 50 Stat. 693
- 1938-03-21 — Wheeler-Lea Act, ch. 49, 52 Stat. 111
- 1938-06-08 — Foreign Agents Registration Act, ch. 327, 52 Stat. 631
- 1938-06-21 — Natural Gas Act, ch. 556, 52 Stat. 821
- 1938-06-25 — Civil Aeronautics Act, ch. 601, 52 Stat. 973
- 1938-06-25 — Fair Labor Standards Act, ch. 676, 52 Stat. 1060
- 1938-06-25 — Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, ch. 675, 52 Stat. 1040
- 1938-06-25 — Javits-Wagner-O'Day Act, ch. 697, 52 Stat. 1196
- 1939-08-02 — Hatch Act of 1939 ("Hatch Political Activity Act", "An Act to Prevent Pernicious Political Activities"), ch. 410, 53 Stat. 1147
- 1939-11-04 — Neutrality Act of 1939, ("Cash and Carry Act"), ch. 2, 54 Stat. 4
- 1940-06-28 — Alien Registration Act (Smith Act), ch. 439, title I, 54 Stat. 670
- 1940-09-16 — Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, ch. 720, 54 Stat. 885
- 1940-08-22 — Act of August 22, 1940, ch. 686, including:
1941 to 1951
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