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This is a list of the first man/woman/object etc., to do something or the first occurrence of an event.

Contents 1 Government 1.1 Laws and Constitution 1.2 Leaders 1.2.1 from Antiquity to the 17th Century 1.2.2 18th Century onwards 1.2.2.1 in Canada 1.2.2.1.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada 1.2.2.2 in the United States of America 2 Crime and Punishment 3 Society and economy 4 War 5 Travel and Exploration 5.1 Rail transport 5.2 Aviation 5.3 Geographic North Pole 5.4 Magnetic North Pole 5.5 Mount Everest 5.6 Beyond the Earth 6 Science, Discoveries, Inventions, and Innovations 6.1 Natural History 6.2 Life Sciences 6.2.1 Heart 6.3 Commodities 6.4 Traffic Lights 6.5 Nuclear weapons 7 Information and Communications Technology 7.1 Computers, the Internet, and the World Wide Web 8 Sports 8.1 Football 9 Culture 9.1 Film 9.2 Literature 9.3 Music 10 By country 11 See also 12 References

Government

Laws and Constitution

• First law written in cuneiform - by Urukagina 2350 BC
• First codified Constitution - the oldest codified constitution in the world, Sumeria ca. 2300 BC

Leaders

from Antiquity to the 17th Century

• First Emperor of Ancient China: Qin Shi Huang (ca. 221 BC)
• First Emperor of Ancient Rome: Augustus (ca. 27 BC)

• First Bishop of Rome to condemn heresy: Anicetus, by forbidding Montanism, also actively opposed the Gnostics and Marcionism
• First Bishop of Rome to be called "Pope": Siricius
• First antipope: Hippolytus (d. 235)
• First pope to adopt a regnal name: Pope John II (b. "Mercurius"; d. 535)
• First Tsar (Tzar): Simeon I of Bulgaria (913)
• First Christian Monarch of Sweden: Olof Skötkonung (995)

18th Century onwards

• First de facto Prime Minister of Great Britain: Robert Walpole (1721)
• First official Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: William Pitt the Younger (first term, 1783-1801)
• First President of Chile: Manuel Blanco Encalada. (1826)
• First Prime Minister of Canada: Sir John A. Macdonald (1867)
• First Prime Minister of Sweden: Louis De Geer (1876)
• First Prime Minister of Australia: Edmund Barton (1901)
• First Native American Woman Attorney:Lyda Conley(1902)
• First Native American woman admitted to argue a case before the U.S. Supreme Court: Lyda Conley(1909)
• First woman elected to the British House of Commons: Constance Georgine, Countess Markiewicz, December 1918 General Election (did not take her seat)^[1]
• First woman to take a seat in the House of Commons: Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor, by-election, 28 November 1919^[1]
• First female Acting President:

• Unofficial: Edith Bolling Galt Wilson, United States (1919)
• Official: Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa, Mongolia (1953)

• First non-royal female head of state: Chairman Khertek Anchimaa-Toka, Tuvinian People's Republic (1940)
• First female Prime Minister: Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka (1960)
• First woman with the title of President: Isabel Perón
• First female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: Margaret Thatcher (1979)
• First democratically elected female head of state: Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland (1980)
• First President of Slovenia: Milan Kučan. (1990)
• First President of the Republic of Macedonia: Kiro Gligorov. (1992)
• First black President of South Africa: Nelson Mandela. (1994)

• First female head of state elected in Africa: Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf as President of Liberia (16 January, 2006)
• First female President of Chile: Michelle Bachelet (2006)
• First female President of India: Smt. Pratibha Patil elected July 25, 2007

in Canada

• First Prime Minister to die in office: Sir John A. Macdonald, 3rd Canadian Ministry (d. 6 June, 1891)
• First Prime Minister born in Canada: Sir John Abbott (b. St-Andre-Est, Lower Canada, 12 March 1821; elected 1891)
• First French-Canadian Prime Minister: Sir Wilfrid Laurier (elected 1896)
• First Prime Minister born in the Dominion of Canada (after Confederation): Arthur Meighen (b. Anderson, Ontario, 16 June, 1874)
• First Canadian-born Governor General of Canada: Vincent Massey (appointed 1952)
• First French-Canadian Governor General: Georges Vanier (appointed 1959)
• First female Governor General: Jeanne Sauvé (appointed 1984)
• First female Prime Minister: Kim Campbell (appointed 1993)
• First visible minority: Adrienne Clarkson (appointed 1999)
• First Prime Minister born a Canadian citizen: Kim Campbell (b. 10 March, 1947)

Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada

• First female Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada: Beverley McLachlin (appointed 2000)
• First female Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada: Bertha Wilson (appointed 1982)

in the United States of America

See main article List of firsts in the United States

Crime and Punishment

• First recorded victim of the punishment of hanging, drawing and quartering: Dafydd ap Gruffydd. October 3, 1283
• First person to be executed by the guillotine: Nicolas J. Pelletier, highwayman. April 25, 1792
• First death by electric chair: William Kemmler, 1890.
• First instance of a murder captured live on television: Jack Ruby killing Lee Harvey Oswald. November 24, 1963. (See pic).
• First commercial airliner to be hijacked : Miss Macao, owned by Cathay Pacific, on a flight from Macau to Hong Kong, 16 July, 1948

Society and economy

• First banknote: Issued by Stockholm Banco, Sweden, in 1661.
• First central bank: Sveriges Riksbank, Sweden, founded in 1668 from Stockholm Banco.
• First civil union between a same-sex couple: Axel and Eigil Axgil, Denmark in 1989.
• First same-sex marriages: Four couples in Amsterdam, The Netherlands on April 1, 2001.

War

• First battle between ironclads: Battle of Hampton Roads, March 8, 1862.
• First bomb dropped from aircraft: By Italian army in Libya, November 1, 1911.
• First tank in combat: British Mark I tank on September 15, 1916.
• First hydrogen bomb tested: Ivy Mike, on Enewatak in the Pacific Ocean on November 1, 1952.

Travel and Exploration

See also List of circumnavigations.

• First known crossing of the Atlantic Ocean: Leif Ericson, around 1010
• First crossing of the Pacific Ocean: Ferdinand Magellan, 1520-21.
• First people to reach the South Pole: Roald Amundsen and his party - Olav Bjaaland, Helmer Hanssen, Sverre Hassel, and Oscar Wisting. December 14, 1911
• First (and only, as of 2008^[update]) people to reach the deepest point on the surface of the earth, the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean: Jacques Piccard and Lieutenant Don Walsh on the Bathyscaphe Trieste. January 23, 1960
• First people to scale K2, the world's second-highest peak: Lino Lacedelli and Achille Compagnoni of the party led by Ardito Desio and Mario Puchoz. July 29, 1954
• First mother and son to row any ocean: Janice Meek and Daniel Byles, (1998)
• First Shipwreck: see oldest shipwreck

Rail transport

• First steam-powered vehicle: Built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot in 1769.
• First railway steam locomotive: Built by Richard Trevithick in 1804.
• First commercial locomotive: The Salamanca, built in 1812 (on rack railway).
• First commercial locomotive on plain rail: Puffing Billy, 1813.
• First public steam-powered railway line: Stockton and Darlington Railway, 1825.
• First inter-city steam-powered railway: Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 1830.
• First underground railway: Metropolitan Railway, completed in 1863.
• First public electric railway: Germany, 1881.
• First electric underground railway: City and South London Railway, 1890.
• First diesel-electric locomotive: Built by General Electric in 1917.

Aviation

Also see: list of early flying machines.

• First person in flight: Bartolomeu de Gusmão in a balloon filled with heated air at the hall of the Casa da India in Lisbon. August 8, 1709. (However, this claim is not generally recognized by aviation historians outside the Portuguese speaking community, in particular the FAI.)
• First recorded manned flight: In a hot air balloon built by the Montgolfier brothers and piloted by Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and Marquis d'Arlandes, from the Château de la Muette to the Butte-aux-Cailles, Paris. November 21, 1783.
• First women in a flight: The Marchioness and Countess of Montalembert, the Countess of Podenas and Miss de Lagarde, in a tethered balloon in Paris. May 20, 1784.
• First woman in a untethered balloon: Elizabeth Thible, in order to entertain Gustav III of Sweden in Lyon. June 4, 1784.
• First woman to pilot her own balloon: Sophie Blanchard, when she flew solo from the garden of the Cloister of the Jacobins in Toulouse. August 18, 1805.
• First woman who adopted ballooning as a career: Sophie Blanchard (1778 – 1819).
• First aviation disaster: When the town of Tullamore, County Offaly, Ireland was seriously damaged when the crash of a balloon resulted in a fire that burned down about 100 houses. May 1785.
• First woman to be killed in an aviation accident: Sophie Blanchard, when her hydrogen-filled balloon caught fire and crashed to the ground. July 6, 1819.
• First victims of an air crash: Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and Pierre Romain, when their Rozière balloon deflated and crashed to the ground near Wimereux in the Pas-de-Calais. 15 June 1785.
• First person to die in a crash of a powered airplane: Thomas Selfridge. September 17, 1908
• First people to reach the stratosphere: Auguste Piccard and Paul Kipfer in a balloon. May 27, 1931.
• First non-stop flight around the Earth: Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones, from Château d'Oex, Switzerland to Egypt, on board the balloon Breitling Orbiter 3. Between March 1, 1999 and March 20, 1999, taking a total time of 19 days, 21 hours and 47 minutes.
• First solo non-stop flight around the Earth: Steve Fossett — from Northam, Western Australia to Queensland, Australia, on a 10-story high balloon Spirit of Freedom. Between June 19, 2002 and July 3, 2002, taking a total time of 13 days, 8 hours, 33 minutes.
• First non-stop fixed-wing aircraft flight around the Earth: Steve Fossett — from Salina, Kansas eastbound and back, on a Virgin Atlantic Global Flyer. Between February 28, 2005 and March 3, 2005, taking a total time of 67 hours, 1 minute, 10 second.
• First non-stop trans-Atlantic flight: Alcock and Brown — St. John's, Newfoundland to a bog near Clifden, Ireland, 14-15 June, 1919
• First trans-Pacific solo flight in a balloon: Steve Fossett — from South Korea to Leader, Saskatchewan, Canada. February 21, 1995
• First gas balloon flight: Professor Jacques Charles and Nicholas Louis Robert, in a hydrogen-filled balloon, from Paris to Nesle December 1, 1783.
• First flight in an engine-driven airship: Alberto Santos Dumont in a balloon powered by an internal combustion engine. 1898.
• First flight across the English Channel: Jean-Pierre Blanchard and John Jeffries, in a balloon. January 7, 1785.

Geographic North Pole

See List of firsts in the Geographic North Pole.

Magnetic North Pole

• First woman to reach the magnetic North Pole solo: Helen Thayer (1988)
• First mother and son to reach any Pole by foot: Janice Meek and Daniel Byles, (2007)
• First expedition to reach the Magnetic North Pole by automobile: Jeremy Clarkson and James May, (2007) as shown on a special episode of BBC's Top Gear where the two presenters reached the Pole in a Toyota Hilux pickup truck, specially modified by Arctic Trucks in Iceland. The two were accompanied by seven others, including the camera and sound crew, two Icelandic mechanics (Hjalti Hjaltason and Haraldur Pétursson), and a soldier of unstated nationality in two other specially modified vehicles.

Mount Everest

• First recorded deaths on Mount Everest: 7 Sherpas die in avalanche in 1922
• First successful summit (via the South-East Ridge Route) Tenzing Norgay & Sir Edmund Hillary 29 May 1953
• First successful summit via the North Ridge by a Chinese team on 25 May 1960
• First ascent of the West Ridge on 22 May 1963 Willi Unsoeld and Tom Hornbein. Also the first traverse of the South East Ridge
• First person to summit Everest twice: Nawang Gombu Sherpa (20 May 1965)
• First woman to summit is Junko Tabei of Japan (16 May 1975) via the South-East Ridge
• First woman to summit from the North (Tibetan) side is a Tibetan woman named Phantog
• First summit from the South West face on 24 September 1975 are Dougal Haston and Doug Scott
• First ascent without bottled oxygen is by Peter Habeler (Austria) and Reinhold Messner (Italy) (8 May 1978)
• First woman to die on Everest: Hannelore Schmatz, after becoming the 4th woman to summit Everest
• First Winter ascent is by Krzysztof Wielicki of Poland (17 February 1980)
• First person to summit Everest solo Reinhold Messner (20 August 1980)
• First woman to climb without oxygen was Lydia Bradey of New Zealand (14 November 1988)
• First true ski descent by Davo Karničar of Slovenia (7 October 2000)
• First snowboard descent by Marco Siffredi
• First blind person to Summit Everest is Erik Weihenmayer (2000)
• First North Face ski descent by Tormod Granheim (2006)
• First successful summit after a severe case of HAPE: Brian Smith (2007)

Beyond the Earth

See also: Spaceflight records

• First artificial satellite launched into orbit: Sputnik 1 (1957)
• First animal in space: fruit flies, 1946
• First animal to orbit Earth: Laika (1957)
• First man in space: Yuri Gagarin (1961)
• First woman in space: Valentina Tereshkova (1963)
• First civilian in space: Valentina Tereshkova (1963)
• First spacewalk: Aleksei Leonov (1965)
• First human to walk on the Moon: Neil Armstrong (see Apollo 11) (1969)
• First woman to perform a space walk: Svetlana Savitskaya (1984)
• First manned private spaceflight: SpaceShipOne piloted by Mike Melvill June 21, 2004
• First spacecraft to orbit Saturn: Cassini-Huygens July 1, 2004

Science, Discoveries, Inventions, and Innovations

• First woman officially recognized for a scientific position: Caroline Herschel, as astronomer Sir William Herschel's assistant, 1787
• First comet discovered by a woman: Discovered by Caroline Herschel, August 1, 1786
• First permanent photograph: View from the Window at Le Gras, taken by Nicéphore Niépce, June or July, 1826 or 1827.
• First permanent color photograph: Tartan Ribbon, taken by James Clerk Maxwell, 1861.
• First successful creation of soda water: by Joseph Priestley, 1796
• First skyscraper - Woolworth Building, New York City, 57 floors high (792 feet or 241 meters), opened on April 24, 1913.
• First steerable balloon (also known as a dirigible): By Henri Giffard, 1852.
• First tethered balloon for passengers: developed by Henri Giffard in the Tuileries Garden in Paris. 1878.
• First man-made object to reach the stratosphere: Shell fired from the Paris Gun, used during World War I.
• First picture taken of the earth's curvature: By Alexander Dahl travelling in an open hydrogen gas balloon. August 31, 1933.
• First sound recording: A part of Au Clair de la Lune, recorded by Leon Scott in 1860. Note that there was neither any contemporary technology nor intention to play the recorded sound.
• First playback of recorded sound: Mary had a little lamb, by Thomas Edison in 1877.

Natural History

• First homo sapiens: the Omo Remains include Omo I, the earliest known fossils of Homo sapiens (idaltu), dated to around 190,000 years ago.^[2] This is considerably older than the 160,000-year-old Herto remains, which had been thought to be the earliest humans, and suggests that, if humans did originate in Africa as is currently thought, they did not expand from there for much longer than previously thought.
• First European child born in the New World: Snorri Þorfinnsson
• First observed transit of a planet across the sun, Mercury, by Pierre Gassendi in 1631.
• First international scientific collaboration: Observation of the transit of Venus 1761 and 1769
• First confirmation of extrasolar planets: Three bodies orbiting PSR B1257+12 by Aleksander Wolszczan and Dale Frail in 1992.
• First confirmation of an active volcanic eruption occurring on a seamount: by scientists at the University of Hawai‘i on Lo‘ihi in 1996

Life Sciences

• First vaccination: smallpox, Edward Jenner, 1796
• First whole-body scanner and x-ray machine: Dayton Miller (Case School of Applied Science), Cleveland, Ohio, 1896
• First blood transfusion: conducted by Dr. George Crile, Cleveland, Ohio (1905)
• First "test-tube baby": Louise Brown, born July 25, 1978 in England.
• First official recognition of AIDS: Centers for Disease Control issued a report describing five cases in Los Angeles. June 5, 1981
• First person to be convicted by the process of DNA fingerprinting: Colin Pitchfork. 1988
• First person to be exonerated by the process of DNA fingerprinting: Richard Buckland. 1988
• First animal cloned from a somatic cell: Dolly, a sheep born on July 5, 1996.
• First face transplant: Isabelle Dinoire, November 5, 2005.
• First person to have both a mother and father who have travelled into space: Elena Andrianovna, daughter of Valentina Tereshkova and Andriyan Nikolayev.

Heart

• First heart defibrillation: conducted by Dr. Claude Beck, Cleveland, Ohio (1947)
• First artificial pacemaker implant into a human: By a Swedish team using a pacemaker designed by Rune Elmqvist working under the direction of Åke Senning, 1958. The patient was Arne Larsson.
• First coronary artery bypass surgery: conducted by Dr. Rene Favaloro, Cleveland, Ohio (1967)
• First heart transplant: First attempted by James Hardy, but the lack of a human donor forced him to transplant a chimpanzee heart instead, which failed shortly after. The first successful transplant was performed by Christiaan Barnard on December 3, 1967.
• First artificial pacemaker implant into an infant: Into Jason A. Haines when he was 16 hours old, July 26, 1974.

Commodities

• First bottled food: in 1809 the French confectioner Nicolas Appert developed a method of vacuum-sealing food inside glass jars
• First canned food: issued by the French Army
• First can-opener: invented 30 years after the first canned food

Traffic Lights

Main articles: Traffic light#History and Traffic Lights

• First traffic lights installed (gas lamp) : outside Houses of Parliament, London. December 10, 1868
• First traffic lights installed (electric) : by Salt Lake City policeman Lester Wire. 1912
• First traffic signal system installed: by the American Traffic Signal Company on the corner of 105th Street and Euclid Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio. August 5, 1914
• First three-color traffic lights installed: in New York and Detroit. 1920
• First automatic traffic lights installed: in Wolverhampton, England. 1927

Nuclear weapons

• First nuclear weapon detonation: Atom bomb named "The gadget" during the "Trinity test" near Alamogordo, New Mexico, July 16, 1945
• First nuclear weapon detonation used in war: Atom bomb named "Little Boy" during World War II on Hiroshima, Japan, August 6, 1945

Information and Communications Technology

• Communication satellite firsts: Main article: List of communications satellite firsts
• First telecommunications system: Claude Chappe's semaphore lines. Between Paris and Lille in 1792
• First telephone message: Alexander Graham Bell in 1876: "Mr. Watson—come here—I want to see you."^[3]
• First official adhesive postage stamp: The Penny Black, 1 May, 1840
• First trans-Atlantic wireless signal: the letter "S" in Morse code, by Guglielmo Marconi, sent from Poldhu, Cornwall, to St. John's, Newfoundland, 12 December, 1901

Computers, the Internet, and the World Wide Web

• First case of an algorithm written for a computer: Ada Byron's notes on the analytical engine written in 1842
• First programmer: Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)
• First programmable digital computer: Z3, 1941
• First programmable electronic computer: Colossus, 1943
• First all electronic computer system that worked and continued to work for a decade ENIAC Unveiled 1946
• First e-mail: started around 1965
• First e-mail spam: sent using CTSS MAIL about 1971
• First video game console: Magnavox Odyssey, 1975
• First reigning monarch to e-mail: sent by Queen Elizabeth II from a British army base in 1976
• First e-commerce business Boston Computer Exchange uploads database of computers for sale to Delphi online service March 4, 1983
• First e-mail correspondence between heads of government: Carl Bildt (Sweden) and Bill Clinton (United States) in 1992
• First book about the web: Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog (1992) by Ed Krol, had a whole chapter devoted to the web
• First web portal to do advertising: Global Network Navigator founded by Tim O'Reilly and Dale Dougherty, 1993
• First advertisement on the internet: by Heller, Ehrman, White and McAuliffe on the Global Network Navigator website, 1993
• First usage of a webcam: Trojan room coffee pot, 1991
• First photographic image on the Web: Les Horribles Cernettes, 1992
• First electronic payment over the Internet: PaySafe, 1992
• First instant messaging service: ICQ released in November, 1996

Sports

• First person to drive an automobile across the US in winter and from New York City to Paris France winning The Great Auto Race 22,000 mile course in 169 days/13,341 miles driven: George Schuster, (1908)
• First human to run a mile under 4 minutes: Roger Bannister, (1954)
• First person to swim the English Channel: Matthew Webb, (1875)
• First woman to swim the English Channel: Gertrude Ederle, (1926)
• First person to complete a long distance swim in all 5 oceans of the world: Lewis Gordon Pugh, (2005/2006)
• First free diver to descend 100 metres (330 ft) in water: Jacques Mayol, November 23, 1976
• First Olympian disqualified for drug use: Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall at the 1968 Summer Olympics
• First bungee jump: by four members of the Dangerous Sports Club led by David Kirke, from the 250ft Clifton Suspension Bridge in Bristol. 1 April, 1979
• First woman to bicycle around the world: Annie Londonderry, (1895)
• First auto race in the United States: Held on the grounds of Belcourt Castle, Newport, Rhode Island, 1899
• First black person to coach a professional ice hockey team: John Paris Jr. of the International Hockey League's Atlanta Knights (1994).

Football

• First football player to be knighted: Sir Stanley Matthews, (1965)
• First football player to take a penalty shootout: George Best, in the semi-finals of the Watney Cup, England (1970)
• First football player to miss a penalty shootout: Dennis Law, in the semi-finals of the Watney Cup, England (1970)
• First major football tournament to be settled by a penalty shootout - UEFA European Football Championship 1976, Czechoslovakia vs. West Germany (a penalty score of 5-3 respectively)
• First football World Cup match to be decided by a penalty shootout: the 1982 semi-finals between West Germany and France (a penalty score of 5-4 respectively)
• First football World Cup final match to be decided by a penalty shootout: 1994 final between Brazil and Italy, at Pasadena, California (a penalty score of 3-2 respectively).

Culture

• First man or woman in mythology: see First man or woman
• First person to wear a modern bikini: Micheline Bernardini. July 5, 1946
• First officially recorded instance of wearing of high heels: Catherine de' Medici, Queen of France, on her wedding. October 28, 1533
• First person to make a television broadcast from space: Andriyan Nikolayev, August 1962.

Film

• First film ever made: Roundhay Garden Scene, filmed on October 14, 1888
• First feature-length film: The Story of the Kelly Gang, 1906
• First feature-length sound film: The Jazz Singer, 1927
• First black-and-white film to be colorized: Topper in 1985 (the original film was released in 1937)
• First lesbian-themed film: Mädchen in Uniform directed by Leontine Sagan and scriptwritten by Christa Winsloe. Germany, 1931
• First woman to appear nude in a motion picture: Audrey Munson as a sculptor's model in Inspiration, 1915
• First nude scene in German filmmaking: Performed by Hildegard Knef for the character of Marina in Die Sünderin (The Sinner), 1950
• First feature-length computer-generated imagery film: Toy Story, 1995
• First fictional feature film shot with a mobile phone to premiere at major film festivals: Why Didn't Anybody Tell Me It Would Become This Bad in Afghanistan, 2007
• First actor to portray Superman on screen: Kirk Alyn in the movie serial Superman. 1948.

Literature

• First novel in English: Several works of literature have each been claimed as the first novel in English. See First novel in English.
• First novel about invasion: The Battle of Dorking (1871), by George Tomkyns Chesney.
• First novel about spies: The Riddle of the Sands (1903), by Erskine Childers or The Spy, by James Fennimore Cooper (1821) (depends on your source and interpretation).
• First novel whose manuscript was type written: Life on the Mississippi (published 1883) by Mark Twain.
• First American novel: The Power of Sympathy, by William Hill Brown.
• First realistic novel^{[citation needed]} and first novel in Spanish: Don Quixote, by Miguel de Cervantes

Music

• First woman to write a #1 Country Music hit: Jenny Lou Carson - 1945 "You Two-time Me Once Too Often".

By country

• India: see List of firsts in India
• Sweden: see List of firsts in Sweden
• United States: see List of firsts in the United States

See also

• List of notable last events

• List of firsts in pinball game technology

References

This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy certain standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it.